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<text id=89TT0765>
<title>
Mar. 20, 1989: America Abroad
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
Mar. 20, 1989 Solving The Mysteries Of Heredity
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
WORLD, Page 34
America Abroad
Real Weapons, High Hopes
</hdr><body>
<p>By Strobe Talbott
</p>
<p> The Vienna talkathon on conventional forces in Europe (CFE)
may turn out to be something new in the history of arms
control: a negotiation that could tangibly improve the daily
lives of ordinary citizens, particularly in Eastern Europe.
</p>
<p> In that respect, CFE is different from its variously
initialed cousins SALT, START and INF, which dealt with the
arsenals of Armageddon: missiles and bombs that are too
unconventional to use. The control of nuclear arms is part of
the larger, thoroughly laudable, but often abstract exercise of
fine-tuning the balance of terror so as to make it a bit more
balanced and a bit less terrible. CFE, by contrast, deals with
real weapons, things that actually hurt people: a tank that can
crush bodies on a town square; high explosives not measured in
kilotons but still able to destroy a building and everyone in
it; and that most essential fighting machine, a young man in
uniform afraid of dying and therefore ready to kill.
</p>
<p> NATO's objective has long been to reduce the number of
tanks, guns and soldiers in the Warsaw Pact and thus diminish
the threat of a Soviet-led armored blitzkrieg. Mikhail Gorbachev
has rendered that nightmare less plausible with the stunning
cutbacks and withdrawals that he announced at the United Nations
last Dec. 7.
</p>
<p> Western defense experts have been busy plugging the numbers
in Gorbachev's various initiatives into their computerized war
games, along with plenty of worst-case assumptions about the
readiness of NATO. As a result, the bottom line of many such
calculations has changed: the most often cited "sneak-attack
scenario," which might before have yielded a Soviet victory, now
leads to stalemate or even defeat.
</p>
<p> Building on Gorbachev's unilateral cuts, the CFE talks
could further lessen the likelihood that the Kremlin's hordes
will ever invade Western Europe. With that reassurance, American
and allied statesmen can turn their attention to the much more
immediate danger of political turmoil and military crisis inside
Eastern Europe.
</p>
<p> The Warsaw Pact has the bizarre distinction of being the
only alliance in history that has occupied or invaded not enemy
territory but that of its own member states: East Germany '53,
Hungary '56, Czechoslovakia '68. The imposition of martial law
in Poland in 1981 was nothing less than a Soviet-backed military
coup d'etat within the Communist Party.
</p>
<p> The Warsaw Pact is both the symbol and the instrument of
Soviet domination over what used to be called the captive
nations. Even if the forces of the pact were cut to one-third
their current size, they could still "protect the gains of
socialism" by "extending fraternal assistance" to a regime
facing revolt or collapse.
</p>
<p> But just as the specter of an East-West conflict has
receded, East-East police actions may also grow harder to
justify, and someday perhaps harder to execute. Hungary, Poland,
East Germany, Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria have all followed
Gorbachev's lead by announcing large cuts in defense spending.
The gradual demilitarization of those societies could fuel
economic reform by freeing resources for civilian industry.
</p>
<p> But most important, a decrease in the Soviet military
presence -- whether in garrisons on the outskirts of East bloc
capitals or over the horizon in the U.S.S.R. itself -- may
induce those regimes to rely less on the threat of force and
more on a genuine social compact between a government and its
citizens.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>